Kratom, a natural herb, has been the topic of interest and debate among health professionals and enthusiasts alike. One recurring concern is its impact on the liver. Here, we delve into the intricacies of kratom’s relationship with the liver and uncover the research findings surrounding this subject.
How Does Kratom Affect The Liver?
Kratom’s active components are a collection of approximately 12 alkaloids. These alkaloids, like most substances we consume, need to pass through our liver for metabolism.
Kratom Alkaloids and Liver Metabolism
- Mitragynine: The most dominant alkaloid in kratom. It primarily relies on the liver enzyme CYP2D6 for its breakdown, with support from CYP3A4 and CYP2C9.
- Potential Risks: A significant volume of alkaloids from kratom might exert extra pressure on the liver. Healthy individuals typically face no issue. However, those with pre-existing liver conditions or on liver-toxic medications might experience complications.
What Does the Research Say?
A comprehensive meta-analysis in 2020 assessed multiple case studies and abstracts on kratom’s liver effects. A key takeaway from this study:
- Liver Injury: While there exists potential for liver damage, the majority of kratom users do not show any liver harm signs. Notably, symptoms, when they do occur, seem to manifest within a 7 to 21-day window of kratom usage.
Further research on kratom-induced liver dysfunction noted:
- DILI Cases: Among 404 patients with Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI), only 8 had recent kratom exposure. Seven of these cases were conclusively linked to kratom, all of whom recovered.
- Contaminants: It remains ambiguous whether the liver injury was due to kratom alone or contaminants within the kratom products.
What is Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)?
Kratom is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia. Used traditionally as a medicinal herb, its popularity in the West has surged due to its potential pain-relieving and mood-enhancing properties.
Kratom’s Traditional Roots
Kratom belongs to the coffee family and has been an integral part of Southeast Asian culture. In areas like Thailand and Malaysia, it served as a natural remedy for ailments ranging from diarrhea to fatigue.
Modern Usage and Legalities
In recent years, the west has seen a growing acceptance of kratom, especially as an alternative to opioids. However, its legal status varies by country and state.
Key Takeaways: Can Kratom Really Harm The Liver?
- Rare Occurrences: Liver damage due to kratom is infrequent.
- Individual Variations: Some individuals, especially those with pre-existing conditions or on certain medications, might be more susceptible.
- Safety Precautions: Always start with low doses, avoid mixing kratom with other substances, and consult a physician if in doubt or experiencing symptoms.
- Research Limitations: There’s a need for more comprehensive, controlled studies to draw definitive conclusions.
In conclusion, while kratom has been linked to rare cases of liver injury, it’s crucial to approach its consumption with knowledge and caution. As with all substances, informed decisions and safe practices are paramount.
